martes, 5 de noviembre de 2013

FINAL WORK INTEGRATOR summary

FINAL WORK INTEGRATOR summary   The research focused on understanding the roles and responsibilities that social workers use when intervening with multi - problem families .   The study spanned a 5 social workers using qualitative methodology , which allowed us to know the reality of each professional interviewed .   The research was conducted at the Child Protection , Family Living Program , Chillán . The results answered the research questions posed in our study and makes clear the roles and skills for intervention with families and individuals . It also provides useful information for future research. It should be noted that the Child Protection currently serves 105 families from the province of Dims . Keywords : Family , Social Work, Professional Skills , Professional Roles , Multi - Family FMP problem , Limitations present in the intervention. CHAPTER I BACKGROUND AND NATURE OF THE STUDY 1. Statement of the Problem The multi - problem family is known for its extreme complexity , due to its internal mechanisms and their dysfunction. After an extensive review of the literature , some authors propose as its central features poly- symptoms and recurrent crises, disorganization, parental abandonment and isolation functions , focusing specifically on those families at social risk These families do not have enough tools to meet the demands of success linked to a hedonistic and consumer culture , which requires taking responsibility for their own life stories, and personal worth measuring hardly achievable criteria . Thus, the majority found in contexts characterized by psychosocial risk factors and chronic sociocultural deprivation , it reinforces the cycle of disadvantage , dysfunction , crises and despair that is commonly observed in them. Through research will be achieved knowing the internal dynamics of psychosocial intervention with multi - problem families , the required role for the social worker and skills that enable professional work . This research group is inserted in GDP Family Living in Chillán , which is involved in multi - problem families . 1.1 Statement of the problem Considering the background given above , there is the main question , which guides the development of the research: How do social workers perceive their Families intervention process Multiproblem within the Brief Intervention Program " Family Living " ? What limitations arise mainly when working with these families ? What meanings assigned to their roles professionals to intervene? What skills are developed to intervene with these families ? What lessons emerge from the professional experiences ? 1.2 Purpose of the investigation 1.2.1 General Purpose Knowing the meanings assigned social workers to their intervention processes with multi - problem families , embedded in the Brief Intervention Program " Family Living " of the Commune de Chillán . 1.2.2 Specific Objectives Describe the meanings assigned social workers to their professional roles in the process of intervention with multi - problem families Analyze the constraints identified during their professional intervention processes with these families Identify skills expressed within intervention processes . 1.2.3 Assumptions and variables This qualitative study does not hypothesize before collecting data. His nature is rather induce hypotheses through the collection and analysis of these Hernández , Fernández & Baptista , (2010 ) . 1.3 Importance and Justification of the Problem Through this study we sought to get to know the relevant meaning assigned to social workers to work with families Speaking Multiproblem , from a phenomenological perspective . It is extremely useful for professionals to make a self-criticism of the roles acquired during the process of praxis. As a research group studied the professional skills to face a complex intervention because of the diffuse characteristics of these families ( FMP ) . Arguably irreproachably that multi - problem families have been and are regulars of Social Services , and often resistant to change, this is a reality in the XXI century FMP . The professional context is mainly structured in order to achieve essentially self-help generate awareness reaching a healthy life. This research aims is to answer these issues present that hinder intervention , and, why not , for future research and intervention practices with FMP . We can also mention what we face, are low-income families , with characteristics of the family system in a context that is dynamic and changing at a time. Furthermore , we investigate how professionals face a complex intervention that is due to the characteristics of these families . Arguably irreproachably that multi - problem families have been and are regulars Social Services and often resistant to change. Professionals should stock up on certain skills supported treatment techniques of direct influence through discussion , dialogue and reflection. They must also manage, responsibly reference, documentary material , technical , and environmental management , in conjunction with the proper use of the nets. According to the professional opinion is affordable if you get the answer as a group practice is achieved rethink research initiative to achieve the solution of the problem of the user and to generate in people scheduled preventive capacity and rehabilitadoramente , facing and resolving their conflict situations . The inputs of which should stock the professional are required to generate a motivating atmosphere for the user , empathy , solidarity , besides framing the intervention as its context , it is necessary to generate commitments which though intangible results for FMP are necessarily a positive development in the problem situation . The intervention in the intervention level of social event , you need to update and improve the intervention over time , it is thus necessary , the input that comes through investigations against these families , among which may be mentioned a history major negligence, alcoholism , domestic violence, substance abuse and depression. Sharlin and Shamai ( 1995) note that this pattern is of such importance that FMP slated the re- conceptualized as multi - stressed families , in other words , the degeneration of society against the healthy development of a nuclear family. 1.4 Limitations of the study The study was based on the perspective of qualitative methodology , which allowed us to know the reality and value of professional interventions undertaken in this research, so that may be the basis for the development of other studies in this area. 1.5 Definition of terms 1.5.1 Social Work  " Social Work is identified as a social technology that applies social science knowledge to reality in order to transform it and , by focusing scientifically practical problems , is giving rise to new knowledge that , in turn , are a contribution to the social sciences . " Aylwin and Rodriguez (1971 ) . 1.5.2 Family Analogously , we say that a family is a group of individuals who have each origin and similarity relations ( Ander -Egg , 1995 ) . 1.5.3 Families Multiproblem ( FMP ) Are those that because of their high dependence on social services and their continuous changes generated within your household , they can not help themselves . They generally have deficiencies in economic , are unstructured , high social risk and have difficulties in conflict resolution " 1.5.4 Social Intervention Systematic and consistent process that takes place in front of unresolved social problems , which develops through actions as a matter of educating and bringing organizational processes , which are implicit ideology primarily oriented to the modification and transformation of the ways of seeing, acting and feeling of individuals in their social integration . There are methods of intervention , either from above , through planning agencies and the institutional order or from below, favored by community-based organizations . 1.5.5 Professional Experience "Experience is the fundamental basis of knowledge and studies together with warrants to be an excellent professional . The experience in the workplace is the accumulation of knowledge that a person or company achieved in the course of time. A lawyer the older you are in the market the greater their experience when making a claim. The experience is closely related to the number of years a person is holding a position : The more years you have to exercise that office greater your knowledge of it " ( Ander -Egg , 1995 ) .   CHAPTER II THEORETICAL This framework expresses the theoretical propositions and concepts relevant within this study , which have served as reference for ordering the set of facts concerning the problem. The facts and phenomena of reality are the raw material of research, but not enough to get them, it takes precisely the general guidance is provided by the theoretical framework . 2.1 Family Social Work   In addition to addressing and meeting the basic needs of the most vulnerable families , social work attempts to alleviate the emotional suffering that these live, for this , the family is considered one of the main areas of intervention and oldest mode . The Social Worker observes , evaluates and analyzes the specific situation of a person, family or social group. Throughout the time the family has evolved from a traditional state ( patriarchal ) models according to social changes ( flexible families ) and greater role of women ( single parent female householder ) within which there are basic functions to be fulfilled : psychosocial protection of its members , integral development , inclusion of individuals in cultures and their socialization process , ensure the survival of the children , the humanization , education , and their health. Through his intervention, family social work seeks to address psychosocial issues affecting the family group , generating a helping relationship process , enable and activate both your personal resources , family , such as exist in social networks . 2.2 Family and Social Services There are social risks negatively affect the proper fulfillment of family roles . So the pictures of extreme poverty, homeless , presence of extreme situations , teenage pregnancy , adolescence in conflict with the law , constitute risk or vulnerability factors that affect many families ( Eroles , 2001 ) . According to Donoso (1998 ) , three types of families attending Social Workers : a) Family support demand b ) Family to support proposed c ) Family requires a change These problems arise primarily within the family context and is where the Social Worker must use an appropriate intervention model . According to Gomez ( 2007), the relationship that exists between families and services that serve them is a relationship of mutual distrust , distrustful family shown by the institutions as the stigmatize , and distrust institutions that these cases be able to get out of your situation, even thought they may be using their services without any desire to change. 2.3 Family and Modernity The multi - problem families ( FMP ) has emerged over a transitional stage of society in our country , which is why , in many speeches family is identified and its importance as "basically a community of people that make up the smallest social unit and as such, is an institution fundamental to the life of society " ( Aylwin and Solar , 2002:15 ) . No one questions the importance of the family for society and may not exist in this regard that this phrase repeated that " the family is the basic cell of society" , a statement that many countries included in its Constitution . The theoretical assumption that the family is the basic unit of society is nothing but verbalization , it does not reflect reality. In fact , the way economic activity is organized not give priority to the family but to the company. The situation of the family in the consumer society , it makes sense to wonder about its consequences and effects . The family was the cornerstone of archaic social structure . In nearly all human groups most ancient times , as in literate societies today, the family was the primary unit of social organization . " If a family is the basic unit of society, the satisfaction of their needs would take the place of the pursuit of profit in the rationality of the system" ( Aylwin et al. , 2002 ) . The relationship between family and society needs to be analyzed in the context of the modernization process , in which , this is located in the center of the ongoing process of change, not because they generate , but because of the way in a microcosm , the effects of all these changes are focused on it and affect it . Faced with a widespread conception that tends to assign to the family principal role generating multiple social problems , we need to maintain a lucid vision regarding the genesis of social problems is found mainly in the structure and functioning of society ( Aylwin et al. 2002:15 ) . This means that the family must be studied not from their own conflicts , but in the light of events arising in the process of modernization of the structure and functioning of society that influence it . Indeed , social changes do not affect the same way to all families but they vary greatly in their reaction to them . It is noted that the most important variations are related to the position of the family in social stratification . In general , there is evidence that stability, the standard of living and quality of family life are inversely related to social class , and these differences are so significant in Chile, which is to say very little of the overall Chilean family , without specifying the social status of the family that is being described. There is no " the " Chilean family. The deep social inequalities in society as diverse worlds that families thrive in their daily life , makes it not possible to group building a common model. Living conditions in which they develop the families in the lower stratum are so precarious that do not allow them , horn instances of mediation between global society and individuals, conforming spaces that facilitate the development of their members. By contrast , as noted above , these families take the maximum cost of the social changes and should make an effort every day to perform functions unconscionable that should be resolved socially . This effort depletes the implementation of alternative shapes that correspond to the search for survival strategies , while demanding new forms of social behavior , carry implicit limitation that derives from that in the best of cases, will survive not live more fully and satisfactorily . 2.4 Trends of change in Chilean Families Along with affecting the functions of the family, the process of modernization has contributed to profound changes in the structure and functioning of families. In the above context , we note below the main trends of change that can be observed in the country's families ( Aylwin et al. , 2002 : 19-20 ) . 2.4.1 Reduction in the number of children While in the period 1960-1965 the total fertility rate was 5.3 children, now is down to 2.7 , according to the Report National Family Commission . As a result of this decline in fertility of women , it reduces the size of families , a situation that is observed in all regions and in all socioeconomic sectors . 2.4.2 Increase of children born out of wedlock The Report of the National Family Commission notes that illegitimacy is more likely when it is the first children : 44.6 % of first children are illegitimate in 1990 , indicating that almost half of the country's women being single motherhood begins . 2.4.3 Single Parent Household Increased by women The figure rises to 31.9 % , well above the 8.4 % of households nationally in this situation , as CASEN 1998 . 2.4.4 Poverty Poverty must also be viewed in the context of the modernization process , because we can not continue considering it only in the traditional way, as the classic obstacle to development, but understand it as one of the main type of modernization internal force, which occurs both integration and exclusion , wealth and poverty . Poverty is now hard , dark face of modernity. The complex picture of changes noted above, to understand the deep tensions affecting Chilean families , are experiencing these changes and the extent of its ability, but also lack the resources to adequately develop this process , posing dilemmas families , professionals and institutions working to address them . This is why government policies in most Latin American countries , modernization and poverty reduction are two key concepts . In Chile, the theme development with equity or equality reflects the government's goal of advancing economic growth and improve income distribution , exceeding poverty. However, the results of this policy are contradictory . The Chilean economy has shown for nearly a decade conditions of stability and sustained growth along with inflation under control . They have made ​​great strides in reducing poverty , but despite these macroeconomic developments , a significant percentage of the population still remains below the poverty line.  It is true that this percentage has declined in recent years ( approximately 30 % to 18.5 %, according to CASEN 1998 ) , but at the same time it has been shown that targeted programs fail to change the situation of the " poverty hard " , ie the poorest of the poor. Given these significant challenges of the family, there is the importance of family social work . 2.5 Family Social Work : A Historical Approach Since its inception in the nineteenth century , the Family Social Work considered essential to see people and their problems in a contextual and interactive , defined as a specialized form of social work , which is involved with the family unit and relationships , considering the context in which it is embedded . The interest in the history of Family Social Work , identifies steps related to the history of their profession. However, the early work practices were developed by social workers , mostly women, . Undeniably Family Social Work has become an object of study , unit of intervention and reflection area essential for the professional practice of social workers is from Mary Richmond which highlights its fundamental importance as a form of social action , from that area , is created the first School of Social Work under the name : Family Service Association of America. The knowledge we have gained social workers through their practices has led to value families despite the problems that they have , as a human right and need to protect key in every situation to intervene. So the family context has always been considered by social workers , even when caring individual situations. Under the action of " The Social visitors in the late nineteenth century, tended to the poor, the unemployed, the marginalized , from Charity Organisations in England and in America, where you try for the first time set ' objective relations ' and a professional sense . The task of social visiting was " empathetic give advice to restore hope." Beyond the criticism that today would , it is important to emphasize the value they assigned to social intervention with families. In relation to social work of this period , both Mary Richmond as Zilpha Smith noted : " We work with the family as a whole." The professionally trained social visiting and conceptualized " individualization " , consideration of the case by case. " It was in the early twentieth century when the role of social visiting was changing, and became a professional , emerging professionalization process of working with families . The first course was given in the first School of Social Work in the United States, was " The treatment of Needy Families in their own habitat." According to the points made here, learn about what's Social Work with Families means first of all display the various knowledge that the profession has accumulated and can help enrich their practice in the family perspective . 2.6 Families Multiproblem ( FMP ) and intervention Respond the differences in two types of families : families healthy and Escartín problems , (1992 ) . A family "healthy" is one that as a primary social group meets certain characteristics : a) Control: Each family sets its rules of the game to maintain control of the group. b ) Roles: Each family member has a role in the household and can be shared by different members , according to circumstances. c ) Conflicts : It is very important for children, how conflicts are resolved and / or resist conflicts . d ) Personal Development : Each member of the family needs that this will provide stability to develop individually so that they can generate their own stability when forming their families. The family as a social group , has as its main goal the socialization of its members , in addition to coverage of basic needs that exist within it. 2.6.1 Healthy Families • They have no scapegoat • Resistant to the crisis • Generally do not go to experts 2.6.2 does not heal or symptomatic Family • They have a scapegoat • Presented child dependency • Maintain cyclical crises • Require specialized help                                            Escartín , (1992). The concept of Multi - family issues , is typical of the social sciences , coined recently as an event observed chaotic modern society. With the changes of the industrial revolution the poor abandoned asylums joining industries , need training , so it captures begging scientific interest . In the industrial age achieved an apogee of the patriarchal family, extended families emerging , springs from nuclear , adapting context , and then the modern family fits into the production behavior of uprooting and a new conception of couple and family privacy . Multi - problem families are also emblematic of postmodernism . They are generally unproductive and its relationship to consumption is ambiguous because it may lack the basics to the level of basic needs , and yet , paradoxically , have repeated an appliance. What the FMP are binging Social Services . The social worker works from an integrative view of the networks between environmental qualities and linking it with the personal qualities , mediating and subsequent treatment and rehabilitation. Escartín , (1992). The term FMP is a concept developed in the 50s by practitioners and researchers from English-speaking countries from the area of social work , which at first stood out as a term to families with socioeconomic deficits and interpersonal relationships of its members. Evolve also integrated features such as families fail to properly organize , rapidly alternating phases of being and stability phases of crisis, mainly living in poverty , disadvantaged sub ​​- organized and with multiproblemas , multiasistidas for services , and in many cases multiple parents. Multiproblem Families today have many symptoms, which is closely linked social worker intervention , presenting a chain of problems and stressors ( Matos & Sousa , 2004 ) , among which may be mentioned neglect, alcoholism , domestic violence , substance abuse and depression. Sharlin and Shamai ( 1995) note that this pattern is of such importance that FMP slated the re- conceptualized as " families in extreme stress " or multi - stressed families . According to the Characteristics of Multi - problem Families FMP ( Wlash , (2004 ), cited by Gomez et al, 2007 ) are: a) Presence of multiple problems b ) Of great complexity and severity c ) More than one carrier symptomatology d ) Recurrent episodes of individual and family crises . These characteristics affect the household in terms of its economy, its healthfulness conflicting relationships in their environment, conflict in relationships within the family context , as in the case of family violence , abuse , assault , etc. . All these features do not have the proper intervention , it exacerbates the problem and increases the poly symptoms. As for the disorganization of these families , have the following subcategories which include the family structure chaotic and dysfunctional communication . From a systemic and Aristotle gave an idea of ​​the complexity of the issue by stating that " the whole is the sum of its parts" and in this context the technical ability in the intervention will be key to consummate social action. Mainly single parents mentioned the presence of family disorganization , as a common denominator . Further characterized by numerous ruptures and shaping genograms reconstructions complex and sometimes confusing ( Matos & Sousa , 2004). It also presents the abandonment of basic parental functions , and in isolation . Besides life cycles of these families are very brief and tend to fluctuate from conflict cycle to another. Social work is the only profession that has been so consistently focused on the everyday problems of family life. In addition to addressing and meeting the basic needs of the most vulnerable families , trying to alleviate the emotional distress which they live . Po which is based on three axes which bases its actions within Brief Intervention Programs , as well as other professionals involved . The intervention approach described according to three axes: Vega (1997 ) demarcates the interrelated as follows : a) The constructivist view of human reality b ) An eco- systemic view of family processes c ) Perception of change as batch process . From the look constructivist described as a look objectivist , accepting own social constructions of the communities in which they operate families . These guidelines charge a specific sense factor . The practitioner is able to develop interest and an attitude of respect for this framework , able to get the empathy and motivation thereby facilitating the dissonances of sociocultural background . This results in more flexible concept of their own notions of family and home in order to intervene ( Gomez et al. , 2007 ) . Regarding the global vision or eco- systemic concepts of circular causality holds , complexity and emergence of phenomena , which allows working with human systems , find connections and relationships beyond the reductionist view of a problem. The eco- systemic view necessarily involves glimpse the connections and interdependencies among the various players involved in the aid process and the place of the professional or team to unlock chains incongruent interventions ineffective if and chronic. Finally the concept of change as a batch process ( as opposed to a linear view , gradual, progressive and cumulative ) is critical since , working with professional FPM need clear guidance on the potential for change in these families , without it, no possible trigger , drive and use the change. But , however , we need to recognize and value the minimum change processes , given that the characteristics of these families , these can become undetectable (Vega , 1997, cited by Gomez et al. , 2007 ) . The Social Worker helps to trigger a process of rational emotive level changes leading different perception of the situation, this can be direct or indirect , in terms of needs , in addition to diagnostic resolution of conflicts and relationships (interconnection of people and their environment , reciprocal action ) personal type , family and social In context of social intervention can distinguish the following features: • Evaluative • Assistance • In consultation • Informational • Therapeutic • Regulating or Tracking. The Worker / Social ra has a conceptual framework clarifying the features, capabilities and limitations of each context , and so can strive to avoid confusing the problems faced , the resources it needs , and the skills required to intervene appropriately in each if (Lamas , 1997 ) . Table No. 1 Talks                    CHAPTER III X CHAPTER IV 1. Two . Three . Admission Profile CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS                The study spanned a 5 social workers using qualitative methodology , which allowed us to know the reality of each professional interviewed .