FINAL WORK INTEGRATOR summary

FINAL WORK INTEGRATOR summary   The research focused on understanding the roles and responsibilities that social workers use when intervening with multi - problem families .   The study spanned a 5 social workers using qualitative methodology , which allowed us to know the reality of each professional interviewed .   The research was conducted at the Child Protection , Family Living Program , Chillán . The results answered the research questions posed in our study and makes clear the roles and skills for intervention with families and individuals . It also provides useful information for future research. It should be noted that the Child Protection currently serves 105 families from the province of Dims . Keywords : Family , Social Work, Professional Skills , Professional Roles , Multi - Family FMP problem , Limitations present in the intervention. CHAPTER I BACKGROUND AND NATURE OF THE STUDY 1. Statement of the Problem The multi - problem family is known for its extreme complexity , due to its internal mechanisms and their dysfunction. After an extensive review of the literature , some authors propose as its central features poly- symptoms and recurrent crises, disorganization, parental abandonment and isolation functions , focusing specifically on those families at social risk These families do not have enough tools to meet the demands of success linked to a hedonistic and consumer culture , which requires taking responsibility for their own life stories, and personal worth measuring hardly achievable criteria . Thus, the majority found in contexts characterized by psychosocial risk factors and chronic sociocultural deprivation , it reinforces the cycle of disadvantage , dysfunction , crises and despair that is commonly observed in them. Through research will be achieved knowing the internal dynamics of psychosocial intervention with multi - problem families , the required role for the social worker and skills that enable professional work . This research group is inserted in GDP Family Living in Chillán , which is involved in multi - problem families . 1.1 Statement of the problem Considering the background given above , there is the main question , which guides the development of the research: How do social workers perceive their Families intervention process Multiproblem within the Brief Intervention Program " Family Living " ? What limitations arise mainly when working with these families ? What meanings assigned to their roles professionals to intervene? What skills are developed to intervene with these families ? What lessons emerge from the professional experiences ? 1.2 Purpose of the investigation 1.2.1 General Purpose Knowing the meanings assigned social workers to their intervention processes with multi - problem families , embedded in the Brief Intervention Program " Family Living " of the Commune de Chillán . 1.2.2 Specific Objectives Describe the meanings assigned social workers to their professional roles in the process of intervention with multi - problem families Analyze the constraints identified during their professional intervention processes with these families Identify skills expressed within intervention processes . 1.2.3 Assumptions and variables This qualitative study does not hypothesize before collecting data. His nature is rather induce hypotheses through the collection and analysis of these Hernández , Fernández & Baptista , (2010 ) . 1.3 Importance and Justification of the Problem Through this study we sought to get to know the relevant meaning assigned to social workers to work with families Speaking Multiproblem , from a phenomenological perspective . It is extremely useful for professionals to make a self-criticism of the roles acquired during the process of praxis. As a research group studied the professional skills to face a complex intervention because of the diffuse characteristics of these families ( FMP ) . Arguably irreproachably that multi - problem families have been and are regulars of Social Services , and often resistant to change, this is a reality in the XXI century FMP . The professional context is mainly structured in order to achieve essentially self-help generate awareness reaching a healthy life. This research aims is to answer these issues present that hinder intervention , and, why not , for future research and intervention practices with FMP . We can also mention what we face, are low-income families , with characteristics of the family system in a context that is dynamic and changing at a time. Furthermore , we investigate how professionals face a complex intervention that is due to the characteristics of these families . Arguably irreproachably that multi - problem families have been and are regulars Social Services and often resistant to change. Professionals should stock up on certain skills supported treatment techniques of direct influence through discussion , dialogue and reflection. They must also manage, responsibly reference, documentary material , technical , and environmental management , in conjunction with the proper use of the nets. According to the professional opinion is affordable if you get the answer as a group practice is achieved rethink research initiative to achieve the solution of the problem of the user and to generate in people scheduled preventive capacity and rehabilitadoramente , facing and resolving their conflict situations . The inputs of which should stock the professional are required to generate a motivating atmosphere for the user , empathy , solidarity , besides framing the intervention as its context , it is necessary to generate commitments which though intangible results for FMP are necessarily a positive development in the problem situation . The intervention in the intervention level of social event , you need to update and improve the intervention over time , it is thus necessary , the input that comes through investigations against these families , among which may be mentioned a history major negligence, alcoholism , domestic violence, substance abuse and depression. Sharlin and Shamai ( 1995) note that this pattern is of such importance that FMP slated the re- conceptualized as multi - stressed families , in other words , the degeneration of society against the healthy development of a nuclear family. 1.4 Limitations of the study The study was based on the perspective of qualitative methodology , which allowed us to know the reality and value of professional interventions undertaken in this research, so that may be the basis for the development of other studies in this area. 1.5 Definition of terms 1.5.1 Social Work  " Social Work is identified as a social technology that applies social science knowledge to reality in order to transform it and , by focusing scientifically practical problems , is giving rise to new knowledge that , in turn , are a contribution to the social sciences . " Aylwin and Rodriguez (1971 ) . 1.5.2 Family Analogously , we say that a family is a group of individuals who have each origin and similarity relations ( Ander -Egg , 1995 ) . 1.5.3 Families Multiproblem ( FMP ) Are those that because of their high dependence on social services and their continuous changes generated within your household , they can not help themselves . They generally have deficiencies in economic , are unstructured , high social risk and have difficulties in conflict resolution " 1.5.4 Social Intervention Systematic and consistent process that takes place in front of unresolved social problems , which develops through actions as a matter of educating and bringing organizational processes , which are implicit ideology primarily oriented to the modification and transformation of the ways of seeing, acting and feeling of individuals in their social integration . There are methods of intervention , either from above , through planning agencies and the institutional order or from below, favored by community-based organizations . 1.5.5 Professional Experience "Experience is the fundamental basis of knowledge and studies together with warrants to be an excellent professional . The experience in the workplace is the accumulation of knowledge that a person or company achieved in the course of time. A lawyer the older you are in the market the greater their experience when making a claim. The experience is closely related to the number of years a person is holding a position : The more years you have to exercise that office greater your knowledge of it " ( Ander -Egg , 1995 ) .   CHAPTER II THEORETICAL This framework expresses the theoretical propositions and concepts relevant within this study , which have served as reference for ordering the set of facts concerning the problem. The facts and phenomena of reality are the raw material of research, but not enough to get them, it takes precisely the general guidance is provided by the theoretical framework . 2.1 Family Social Work   In addition to addressing and meeting the basic needs of the most vulnerable families , social work attempts to alleviate the emotional suffering that these live, for this , the family is considered one of the main areas of intervention and oldest mode . The Social Worker observes , evaluates and analyzes the specific situation of a person, family or social group. Throughout the time the family has evolved from a traditional state ( patriarchal ) models according to social changes ( flexible families ) and greater role of women ( single parent female householder ) within which there are basic functions to be fulfilled : psychosocial protection of its members , integral development , inclusion of individuals in cultures and their socialization process , ensure the survival of the children , the humanization , education , and their health. Through his intervention, family social work seeks to address psychosocial issues affecting the family group , generating a helping relationship process , enable and activate both your personal resources , family , such as exist in social networks . 2.2 Family and Social Services There are social risks negatively affect the proper fulfillment of family roles . So the pictures of extreme poverty, homeless , presence of extreme situations , teenage pregnancy , adolescence in conflict with the law , constitute risk or vulnerability factors that affect many families ( Eroles , 2001 ) . According to Donoso (1998 ) , three types of families attending Social Workers : a) Family support demand b ) Family to support proposed c ) Family requires a change These problems arise primarily within the family context and is where the Social Worker must use an appropriate intervention model . According to Gomez ( 2007), the relationship that exists between families and services that serve them is a relationship of mutual distrust , distrustful family shown by the institutions as the stigmatize , and distrust institutions that these cases be able to get out of your situation, even thought they may be using their services without any desire to change. 2.3 Family and Modernity The multi - problem families ( FMP ) has emerged over a transitional stage of society in our country , which is why , in many speeches family is identified and its importance as "basically a community of people that make up the smallest social unit and as such, is an institution fundamental to the life of society " ( Aylwin and Solar , 2002:15 ) . No one questions the importance of the family for society and may not exist in this regard that this phrase repeated that " the family is the basic cell of society" , a statement that many countries included in its Constitution . The theoretical assumption that the family is the basic unit of society is nothing but verbalization , it does not reflect reality. In fact , the way economic activity is organized not give priority to the family but to the company. The situation of the family in the consumer society , it makes sense to wonder about its consequences and effects . The family was the cornerstone of archaic social structure . In nearly all human groups most ancient times , as in literate societies today, the family was the primary unit of social organization . " If a family is the basic unit of society, the satisfaction of their needs would take the place of the pursuit of profit in the rationality of the system" ( Aylwin et al. , 2002 ) . The relationship between family and society needs to be analyzed in the context of the modernization process , in which , this is located in the center of the ongoing process of change, not because they generate , but because of the way in a microcosm , the effects of all these changes are focused on it and affect it . Faced with a widespread conception that tends to assign to the family principal role generating multiple social problems , we need to maintain a lucid vision regarding the genesis of social problems is found mainly in the structure and functioning of society ( Aylwin et al. 2002:15 ) . This means that the family must be studied not from their own conflicts , but in the light of events arising in the process of modernization of the structure and functioning of society that influence it . Indeed , social changes do not affect the same way to all families but they vary greatly in their reaction to them . It is noted that the most important variations are related to the position of the family in social stratification . In general , there is evidence that stability, the standard of living and quality of family life are inversely related to social class , and these differences are so significant in Chile, which is to say very little of the overall Chilean family , without specifying the social status of the family that is being described. There is no " the " Chilean family. The deep social inequalities in society as diverse worlds that families thrive in their daily life , makes it not possible to group building a common model. Living conditions in which they develop the families in the lower stratum are so precarious that do not allow them , horn instances of mediation between global society and individuals, conforming spaces that facilitate the development of their members. By contrast , as noted above , these families take the maximum cost of the social changes and should make an effort every day to perform functions unconscionable that should be resolved socially . This effort depletes the implementation of alternative shapes that correspond to the search for survival strategies , while demanding new forms of social behavior , carry implicit limitation that derives from that in the best of cases, will survive not live more fully and satisfactorily . 2.4 Trends of change in Chilean Families Along with affecting the functions of the family, the process of modernization has contributed to profound changes in the structure and functioning of families. In the above context , we note below the main trends of change that can be observed in the country's families ( Aylwin et al. , 2002 : 19-20 ) . 2.4.1 Reduction in the number of children While in the period 1960-1965 the total fertility rate was 5.3 children, now is down to 2.7 , according to the Report National Family Commission . As a result of this decline in fertility of women , it reduces the size of families , a situation that is observed in all regions and in all socioeconomic sectors . 2.4.2 Increase of children born out of wedlock The Report of the National Family Commission notes that illegitimacy is more likely when it is the first children : 44.6 % of first children are illegitimate in 1990 , indicating that almost half of the country's women being single motherhood begins . 2.4.3 Single Parent Household Increased by women The figure rises to 31.9 % , well above the 8.4 % of households nationally in this situation , as CASEN 1998 . 2.4.4 Poverty Poverty must also be viewed in the context of the modernization process , because we can not continue considering it only in the traditional way, as the classic obstacle to development, but understand it as one of the main type of modernization internal force, which occurs both integration and exclusion , wealth and poverty . Poverty is now hard , dark face of modernity. The complex picture of changes noted above, to understand the deep tensions affecting Chilean families , are experiencing these changes and the extent of its ability, but also lack the resources to adequately develop this process , posing dilemmas families , professionals and institutions working to address them . This is why government policies in most Latin American countries , modernization and poverty reduction are two key concepts . In Chile, the theme development with equity or equality reflects the government's goal of advancing economic growth and improve income distribution , exceeding poverty. However, the results of this policy are contradictory . The Chilean economy has shown for nearly a decade conditions of stability and sustained growth along with inflation under control . They have made ​​great strides in reducing poverty , but despite these macroeconomic developments , a significant percentage of the population still remains below the poverty line.  It is true that this percentage has declined in recent years ( approximately 30 % to 18.5 %, according to CASEN 1998 ) , but at the same time it has been shown that targeted programs fail to change the situation of the " poverty hard " , ie the poorest of the poor. Given these significant challenges of the family, there is the importance of family social work . 2.5 Family Social Work : A Historical Approach Since its inception in the nineteenth century , the Family Social Work considered essential to see people and their problems in a contextual and interactive , defined as a specialized form of social work , which is involved with the family unit and relationships , considering the context in which it is embedded . The interest in the history of Family Social Work , identifies steps related to the history of their profession. However, the early work practices were developed by social workers , mostly women, . Undeniably Family Social Work has become an object of study , unit of intervention and reflection area essential for the professional practice of social workers is from Mary Richmond which highlights its fundamental importance as a form of social action , from that area , is created the first School of Social Work under the name : Family Service Association of America. The knowledge we have gained social workers through their practices has led to value families despite the problems that they have , as a human right and need to protect key in every situation to intervene. So the family context has always been considered by social workers , even when caring individual situations. Under the action of " The Social visitors in the late nineteenth century, tended to the poor, the unemployed, the marginalized , from Charity Organisations in England and in America, where you try for the first time set ' objective relations ' and a professional sense . The task of social visiting was " empathetic give advice to restore hope." Beyond the criticism that today would , it is important to emphasize the value they assigned to social intervention with families. In relation to social work of this period , both Mary Richmond as Zilpha Smith noted : " We work with the family as a whole." The professionally trained social visiting and conceptualized " individualization " , consideration of the case by case. " It was in the early twentieth century when the role of social visiting was changing, and became a professional , emerging professionalization process of working with families . The first course was given in the first School of Social Work in the United States, was " The treatment of Needy Families in their own habitat." According to the points made here, learn about what's Social Work with Families means first of all display the various knowledge that the profession has accumulated and can help enrich their practice in the family perspective . 2.6 Families Multiproblem ( FMP ) and intervention Respond the differences in two types of families : families healthy and Escartín problems , (1992 ) . A family "healthy" is one that as a primary social group meets certain characteristics : a) Control: Each family sets its rules of the game to maintain control of the group. b ) Roles: Each family member has a role in the household and can be shared by different members , according to circumstances. c ) Conflicts : It is very important for children, how conflicts are resolved and / or resist conflicts . d ) Personal Development : Each member of the family needs that this will provide stability to develop individually so that they can generate their own stability when forming their families. The family as a social group , has as its main goal the socialization of its members , in addition to coverage of basic needs that exist within it. 2.6.1 Healthy Families • They have no scapegoat • Resistant to the crisis • Generally do not go to experts 2.6.2 does not heal or symptomatic Family • They have a scapegoat • Presented child dependency • Maintain cyclical crises • Require specialized help                                            Escartín , (1992). The concept of Multi - family issues , is typical of the social sciences , coined recently as an event observed chaotic modern society. With the changes of the industrial revolution the poor abandoned asylums joining industries , need training , so it captures begging scientific interest . In the industrial age achieved an apogee of the patriarchal family, extended families emerging , springs from nuclear , adapting context , and then the modern family fits into the production behavior of uprooting and a new conception of couple and family privacy . Multi - problem families are also emblematic of postmodernism . They are generally unproductive and its relationship to consumption is ambiguous because it may lack the basics to the level of basic needs , and yet , paradoxically , have repeated an appliance. What the FMP are binging Social Services . The social worker works from an integrative view of the networks between environmental qualities and linking it with the personal qualities , mediating and subsequent treatment and rehabilitation. Escartín , (1992). The term FMP is a concept developed in the 50s by practitioners and researchers from English-speaking countries from the area of social work , which at first stood out as a term to families with socioeconomic deficits and interpersonal relationships of its members. Evolve also integrated features such as families fail to properly organize , rapidly alternating phases of being and stability phases of crisis, mainly living in poverty , disadvantaged sub ​​- organized and with multiproblemas , multiasistidas for services , and in many cases multiple parents. Multiproblem Families today have many symptoms, which is closely linked social worker intervention , presenting a chain of problems and stressors ( Matos & Sousa , 2004 ) , among which may be mentioned neglect, alcoholism , domestic violence , substance abuse and depression. Sharlin and Shamai ( 1995) note that this pattern is of such importance that FMP slated the re- conceptualized as " families in extreme stress " or multi - stressed families . According to the Characteristics of Multi - problem Families FMP ( Wlash , (2004 ), cited by Gomez et al, 2007 ) are: a) Presence of multiple problems b ) Of great complexity and severity c ) More than one carrier symptomatology d ) Recurrent episodes of individual and family crises . These characteristics affect the household in terms of its economy, its healthfulness conflicting relationships in their environment, conflict in relationships within the family context , as in the case of family violence , abuse , assault , etc. . All these features do not have the proper intervention , it exacerbates the problem and increases the poly symptoms. As for the disorganization of these families , have the following subcategories which include the family structure chaotic and dysfunctional communication . From a systemic and Aristotle gave an idea of ​​the complexity of the issue by stating that " the whole is the sum of its parts" and in this context the technical ability in the intervention will be key to consummate social action. Mainly single parents mentioned the presence of family disorganization , as a common denominator . Further characterized by numerous ruptures and shaping genograms reconstructions complex and sometimes confusing ( Matos & Sousa , 2004). It also presents the abandonment of basic parental functions , and in isolation . Besides life cycles of these families are very brief and tend to fluctuate from conflict cycle to another. Social work is the only profession that has been so consistently focused on the everyday problems of family life. In addition to addressing and meeting the basic needs of the most vulnerable families , trying to alleviate the emotional distress which they live . Po which is based on three axes which bases its actions within Brief Intervention Programs , as well as other professionals involved . The intervention approach described according to three axes: Vega (1997 ) demarcates the interrelated as follows : a) The constructivist view of human reality b ) An eco- systemic view of family processes c ) Perception of change as batch process . From the look constructivist described as a look objectivist , accepting own social constructions of the communities in which they operate families . These guidelines charge a specific sense factor . The practitioner is able to develop interest and an attitude of respect for this framework , able to get the empathy and motivation thereby facilitating the dissonances of sociocultural background . This results in more flexible concept of their own notions of family and home in order to intervene ( Gomez et al. , 2007 ) . Regarding the global vision or eco- systemic concepts of circular causality holds , complexity and emergence of phenomena , which allows working with human systems , find connections and relationships beyond the reductionist view of a problem. The eco- systemic view necessarily involves glimpse the connections and interdependencies among the various players involved in the aid process and the place of the professional or team to unlock chains incongruent interventions ineffective if and chronic. Finally the concept of change as a batch process ( as opposed to a linear view , gradual, progressive and cumulative ) is critical since , working with professional FPM need clear guidance on the potential for change in these families , without it, no possible trigger , drive and use the change. But , however , we need to recognize and value the minimum change processes , given that the characteristics of these families , these can become undetectable (Vega , 1997, cited by Gomez et al. , 2007 ) . The Social Worker helps to trigger a process of rational emotive level changes leading different perception of the situation, this can be direct or indirect , in terms of needs , in addition to diagnostic resolution of conflicts and relationships (interconnection of people and their environment , reciprocal action ) personal type , family and social In context of social intervention can distinguish the following features: • Evaluative • Assistance • In consultation • Informational • Therapeutic • Regulating or Tracking. The Worker / Social ra has a conceptual framework clarifying the features, capabilities and limitations of each context , and so can strive to avoid confusing the problems faced , the resources it needs , and the skills required to intervene appropriately in each if (Lamas , 1997 ) . Table No. 1 Talks                    CHAPTER III X CHAPTER IV 1. Two . Three . Admission Profile CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS                The study spanned a 5 social workers using qualitative methodology , which allowed us to know the reality of each professional interviewed .                   

THE DEBATE

Eduardo Galeano began his Open Veins of Latin America with a descriptive picture of the bloody history of Latin America : " The international division of labor is that some countries specialize in winning and others in losing . Our region of the world, we now call Latin America, was precocious : he specialized in losing since the remote times when Renaissance Europeans rushed across the sea and sank her teeth into his throat. centuries passed , and Latin America perfected its functions. This is no longer the kingdom of wonders where reality defeated the fable and imagination was humiliated by the trophies of conquest , gold deposits and mountains of silver. But the region continues to work as a maid . continues to exist to serve the needs of others, as sources and reserves of oil and iron , copper and meat , fruits and coffee , raw materials and food destined for rich countries consume them earn much more than Latin America does from producing [.. . ] is Latin America, the region of open veins . since the discovery until today , everything has always been transmuted into European capital or , later United States , and as such has accumulated and accumulated in distant centers of power . Everything: the soil , its fruits and its mineral-rich depths , the people and their ability to work and consumption , natural resources and human resources . 's mode of production and class structure of each site have been successively determined , from outside , by joining the universal gear capitalism. " .......................................................... Eduardo Galeano began his Open Veins of Latin America with a descriptive picture of the bloody history of Latin America : " The international division of labor is that some countries specialize in winning and others in losing . Our region of the world, we now call Latin America, was precocious : he specialized in losing since the remote times when Renaissance Europeans rushed across the sea and sank her teeth into his throat. centuries passed , and Latin America perfected its functions. This is no longer the kingdom of wonders where reality defeated the fable and imagination was humiliated by the trophies of conquest , gold deposits and mountains of silver. But the region continues to work as a maid . continues to exist to serve the needs of others, as sources and reserves of oil and iron , copper and meat , fruits and coffee , raw materials and food destined for rich countries consume them earn much more than Latin America does from producing [.. . ] is Latin America, the region of open veins . since the discovery until today , everything has always been transmuted into European capital or , later United States , and as such has accumulated and accumulated in distant centers of power . Everything: the soil , its fruits and its mineral-rich depths , the people and their ability to work and consumption , natural resources and human resources . 's mode of production and class structure of each site have been successively determined , from outside , by joining the universal gear capitalism. " The emerging social welfarism in contemporary Latin America [edit · edit code ] Dates of independence of the countries of Latin America . The historical and social consciousness of the plight of Latin American populations mired in the deepest exploitation , impoverishment , poverty and misery, painfully forging the identity of the Latin American peoples . It is in this context that emerges Social Work in Latin America , from its " protoforms " handout , its praxis as social services , until its consolidation as various transdisciplinary theoretical core , which feed the praxis of " Social Work " , and allow the emergence of transdisciplinary and professional properties . As an historic building - subjectual , then consolidates a Social Work as a division of labor , as well as a specialty in the context of historical sciences - subjetuales in its theoretical dimension and a dimension technology subjectual in transforming and intervening in the social structures and dynamics . So transdisciplinary consolidation processes , are based on local cultural identities on the one hand , and on the other hand, they can establish criteria for cross disciplinary identity in the context of various professional practice in various Latin American nations. However, these processes have been diverse, complex , nonlinear, chaotic , interrupted , not infrequently by periods of military dictatorships ; 13 broadly bifurcate into two tendencies, one progressive , which arise expressions social work with new aspects regarding a " transformative intent , the rescue of the experience, social reconstruction , social movements focused on a project -oriented society " and another trend with a technical , less concerned philosophical questions , such as questioning ethical, political and existential latter trend , which being less dangerous politically , it delves into the post-dictatorship governments , in the context of liberal economic policies (- neoliberal - ) , but despite this , generates a series of contradictions and tensions between ethical principles , training of professionals on the one hand and the social worker's dynamic experience in a situation , deal with the phenomena manifested in social issues , 14 on the other. Social service and division of labor [edit · edit code ] Marilda V. Iamamoto15 in Social and Labour Division ( 1997 ) , presents his version of the emergency transdicisciplinaria lax in the context of recent Brazilian history , " Social Service arises from the initiative of groups and dominant class fractions are expressed through the Church as one of the leads of lay apostolic movement " , describing the dimension is obviously conservative church tradition " movement center of a reformist -conservative stamp " , prescribing and subsequent stage a process of secularization and modernization (considered globally and inaccurately as " positivist " ) : "the process of secularization and expansion of technical and scientific support of the profession " , consequently considering the progress of social science empirical foundation , have a similarly conservative base " under the influence of the progress made by the Social Sciences in the context of conservative thought , especially its American empiricist side " 16 Prospects such as M. V. Iamamoto , to be considered by other theoretical perspectives of social work as a reductionist , have raised the contemporary debate in Latin America in the second half of the twentieth century , especially around the theoretical , political practices and imaginaries in current social work emerged in Brazil in the context of the transformation of global society and Latin America experienced in this historical period . The project Gramscian and reconceptualization movement [edit · edit code ] Antonio Gramsci. In full context of the so-called Cold War cold that had little in Latin America , there are not so conservative proposals , such as a project " Gramscian " started in the late '60s in Brazil , alongside reconceptualization movement which seeks to break with the hegemony of the Catholic-inspired welfarism , and deepened during the seventies with the struggle of various social movements against the military regime and after the democratic transition began in 1984 . César A. Barrantes A. (1998-1999) , 17 presents a critical perspective about the concretions of Social Work in Social Work particular communities in Latin America , but with a special emphasis on the trends developed in Costa Rica . Barrantes develops a perspective similar to that he had submitted Ezequiel Ander -Egg in his work : " aches and hobbies reconceptualized social work ", 18 synthesizing , his perspective on the conceptualization of Social Work, as follows : " the history of the conceptualization and we remember that it was the search , not always free from existential problems of Social Workers, a platform vocabular , categorical , defining principles, principles , goals, objectives , targets and specific indicators of our practice not always aware tecnoprofesional scientific and policy ; platform whose mistake is in believing that it could use scientific nutrient blown from " the beyond social work " represented by the rest of the social sciences . ( ... ) what is the object that social work never had and , therefore , went missing ? . Their character Science . which after it had lost ? . Their object of study and intervention : the individual , the group , the community ( today we could talk of the town ) and the three classical methods to some colleagues tried to build them reconceptualized cutting paradigms or structural metatheories objectivist beyond the needs of the heterogeneous realities as Social Workers , most of which was not expressed in them or were unaware of its existence . ( ... ) This drama , inscribed in the logic of the itinerary of the conceptualization , is like the window through which you see, interpret and organize meanings , senses of reality. 's the scenario that leads constantly repeating , as the language to the tooth that hurts and it hurts precisely because we fail to recognize the potential that has not conducive to strategy and intervention under study desired . " The ethical-political project ( PEPO ) [edit · edit code ] Leonardo Boff, one of the most prominent advocates of liberation theology . The changes in the political orientation of the profession in the case of Brazil , are verified and in the Code of Professional Ethics of Social Work 1986. These processes manifest , while as conflictive , since the promulgation of the 1988 Constitution , and during the nineties , which records the inclusion in the 1993 Code of Ethics of a theoretical conception inspired by some aspects fundamentally Marxist- linked Georg Lukacs and Antonio Gramsci , in the form of an " ethical-political project " that explicitly assumes its "commitment to the working class ." This implementation of the original project was done in professional bodies and schools and colleges - mainly public - Teaching of Social Work, with a proposal for use of space that aims to control post-graduate courses for their reproductive potential inbred . This process has been described , among others, in the works of José Paulo Marilda Netto.19 Iamamoto and reflexively applying Marxist theory which underpin this process supposedly , and you can already tell that, politically , was the hegemony of groups linked to the left - would include here the Catholic left tied to liberation theology - and the Brazilian Communist Party , and , socially , social workers massively natives consists of the middle and petty bourgeoisie academic final operators of the changes that broke the hegemony of the Catholic sectors and conservative profession. Disturbances in the political -ethical project ( PEPO ) [edit · edit code ] Revealed two major shocks experienced project along its development: One of them is the final fall of "real socialism " between 1989 to 91.20 centrifuges with inevitable consequences for theory and political practice. It discusses the difficulty of the movement to stay within the Marxist tradition of self-criticism , and its slow slide into postmodern positions based on faith, religious concepts or messianic irrationalism . Also, his difficult cohabitation with the end of the " myths of all " .21 As a result of this, the other great disturbance experienced by the ethical-political project ( PEPO ) self- referred current mainstream social work ( ADCHTS ) in Brazil is the surprising inertia and limitations of his theoretical framework to interpret transformations in global and Latin American society in the last forty years. The increasing complexity of modern societies in a context of globalization , multiculturalism , and conflicting processes of universalization of rights , becomes anachronistic , among other concepts , the traditional distinction between state and civil society originated in the nineteenth century , as well as reading of a class society with frozen view in the nineteenth century or at the beginning of last century monopoly capitalism . The emergence of situations of risk and uncertainty that were barely glimpsed at its current magnitude short time ago , requires the adoption of theoretical frameworks that are able to incorporate new concepts to attempt an analysis of the forms of modernity present . The self-styled current mainstream social work ( ADCHTS ) [edit · edit code ] It is possible, from investigations by Emilio Enrique Dellasoppa , 22 describe then " self- denominated current mainstream social work ( ADCHTS ) in Brazil " , in the following points : The change process -union - political hegemony in social work academic Brazil is associated with political participation of social workers, almost entirely made ​​up of women , natives or middle class of Brazilian society , primarily the public sector, the social and cultural services of the petty bourgeoisie and academic - university professors - with political and trade union militancy . This process involves the creation of an imaginary political, cultural and social development of these actors from the middle classes. The search for meaning , understood as a social , political, ideological and cultural by these sections of the petty bourgeoisie gradually materializes in the formulation of ethical-political project ( PEPO ) , conceived as a discursive tool for political struggle within the profession (both in academia , labor and institutional) and as an intervention in reality. As a feature that emerges from the material conditions of existence of the current participants ( only petty bourgeoisie ) , it is an eclectic theoretical imaginary based on multiple interpretations of various Marxisms and ultimately , uses faith as a justification . Adding to the political practice of the conceptions of A. Gramsci 's "war of position" 23 leads to an intervention in the reality that results in the occupation of Social Work of the petty bourgeoisie of spaces in academics, union and state institutions , social ascension materializing within the imaginary constructed . It thus forms the self-styled " hegemonic power " in social work in Brazil , and academic expression , the " social direction of the course" . Within current adheres to a classical historicist position orthodox Marxism : history reread performing an intervention that justifies the positions taken in the present. Although among the last curriculum review ( the syllabi are 1992 ) and the present , the world has undergone many changes , the current study continue to live the same conditioning intellectuals of the seventies , with its roots firmly established nineteenth century . The end of "real socialism " in 1989 and " myths of wholeness " , along with globalization, the emergence of the risk society and the decline of class politics , destroys the possibility of articulating the discourse on the real in around the concept of self-criticism , forcing the final return to the realm of faith : lift the fragile imaginary impenitence accurate now . Immunization records of self- referred current mainstream social work ( ADCHTS ) [edit · edit code ] The first verification , therefore, is that self-criticism becomes impossible , deprived by the fragmentation of any possibility of unitary discourse . Also, the disappearance of all myths : the proletariat , revolution and socialist society , recourse to historicism transformed into a simple matter of faith in a historical intervention on reality . Therefore, the question can not be analyzed in terms of self-criticism : the internal theoretical Marxism is fragmented into innumerable streams , many already corroded by neglect . The old placement of Norberto Bobbio "Neither Marx, nor against Marx ", 24 can be understood now in its exact dimensión.25 Given this situation , the last alternative - unique - is declared " impenintente " , 26 as part of a process "washing ideological-political capital ." Ethical-political project and Stalinism [edit · edit code ] Joseph Stalin and Lenin , 1919 . This ethical-political project of Social Work Brazil is in the difficult position of having to admit explicit impenitence , even in the case of crimes committed by Stalinism : self-criticism - impossible - would cause an implosion similar to 1989 mere disclosure of the facts and political positions . José Paulo Netto considered and apparently considered - no known denial about it - the violence of Stalinism " historically necessary " and this situation can not be resolved in the context of surgery that interprets history in terms of the needs of the struggle this policy : "In truth , therefore , what was then conducted was the establishment of the necessary infrastructure for the socialist transition . Therein lies the historically progressive role of the Stalinist autocracy : it completed the creation of the material conditions necessary for building a new kind of society .... what should be charged to the ruling group led by Stalin , then, is not this violence historically necessary . thing that should be put into your account is the transformation of these required constraints temporarily constant rule of political leadership .... "27 This is not an isolated position . This author also considered Stalin a great social scientist, organizing a book of his works in the collection " Great Social Scientists " , and still maintains this reference in your resume, a commendable attitude of intellectual honesty and political coherence . The prolongation of these anachronistic situations from the point of view of self-criticism is facilitated by the " material basis " consisting of students entering social work career in Brazil , according to what you put up on the basis of data student census . Stalin in an interview. The source of the opinions of José Paulo Netto on violence historically necessary for the construction of socialism is in György Lukács . Baldino28 Marco said: " ... According to Lukács with the October Revolution would " ... born the material foundations of Marxism for actual scientific construction so often required by Engels and then also in the Philosophical Notebooks Lenin . The vast historical guilt of Stalinism is not only in this construction have left unused scientific , but have made it back . " Baldino continues: 29 " At its core , the historical guilt of Stalinism would not be in the sixteen million dead of speaking , eg Foucault, but that Stalin ( for Lukacs ) [ ... ] " hindered trend would have been capable of this scientific construction ." The political roots of the founders of the current and his followers , are nailed to the iconoclastic arguments M.Foucault , 30 starting with his insightful critique of " Marxist party " [ ... ] " defined by the communist parties , which are the ones who decide how you have to use Marx to get them to declare what Marxist " , 31 from which challenged the so-called " post- Stalinist Stalinism that Marxist discourse by excluding anything that is not a repeat fearful of what has previously said, it allows to reveal unexplored domains [ ... ] . Marxists the price paid for their fidelity to the old positivism was a radical deafness to a range of issues raised by science " , 32 concluding that "The conception of the role of Stalinist violence is paradigmatic . 'm not finding anything. reporting only a reality that is known in the whole world long ago" .33 Solzhenitsyn with Vladimir Putin. These judgments Foucault, have been faithfully corroborated the stories made ​​by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn , writer, historian and Russian Literature Nobel Prize , 34 revealing the horrors of Stalinist genocide in his book : " The Gulag Archipelago " , in which the system analyzes Soviet prison , terrorism and the role of the secret police. Solzhenitsyn listed the atrocities of a State insanely faced his own people almost since its inception . In one of the most glorious moments of the gulag , by 1936 , there were about five million prisoners who composed what Franz Kafka would have called " prison colony " . A number increased year by year until the death of Stalin in 1953 . In total , between 1928 and the death of " Father of the people" , between 40 and 50 million people were sent to serve sentences in what Solzhenitsyn called metaphorically archipelago of labor camps spread across the Soviet Union. About half of them never returned. Failure political -ethical project [edit · edit code ] Emilio Enrique Dellasoppa , 35 has noted that: " The " intent to break " of the members of this project political ethics can be questioned on this point: never able to generate any " intent to break "to break with Stalinism, messianic utopianism frozen truths in the nineteenth century . " Dellasoppa concludes : " So faith and impenitence are the only alternatives for the future of this movement . " Myths and hobbies -called " Liberation Social Work " [edit · edit code ] Karl Marx. The ethical-political discourse , which has been developed by Iamamoto and Netto , which contextualizes its research program and its followers as a " Liberation Social Work " is a tax " discourse of power" , which translates into a "device" 36 invalidating the same inquisitive nature of epistemology, and immunizes them against the critical spirit spectra desideologizador , 37 to pass and thus disallow any program, approach or theory that is not within the genealogical line of " orthodoxy" of KH Marx G. Luckács38 and not responding to his own conception of ontology arbitrary (- a nebula ontotheology , 39 which aims to be naturalized by a kind of magic verbal40 - ) , with a profile reifying essentialist attributes and anachronistic , and even shows a misunderstanding of the nature comprehensive - hermeneutic ontology , ie trivialize the complex process of hermeneutic ontology to achieve understanding ser.41 Similarly , it follows to the letter , the notion " Lukacs " of " ontology of social being " , 42 that although the euphony becomes a striking and emotionally charged typical of a political rally , conceptually is a meaningless expression . The body ( ontic ) acquires its ontological dimension through comprehensive process - hermeneutic superlative and exclusive of a being comprendente . Therefore, to an ontology of social being , is to give subject properties , subjective properties , real understanding, hermeneutics properties to symbolic actions and transformative social cluster , like a subject with its own individual characteristics cognizant , instead to identify it as a conceptual construct epistemological level - cognitive, without individualized ontic referent , which clearly makes evident how weak are the epistemological and ethical methods of this political project . This attempt to Lukács , starting from his ethics , to establish an "ontology of social being " , it becomes clear remnant, which links to the vision of the world, was harder the Stalinist authoritarianism Hitler , 43 when Martin Heidegger , in his euphoric aim of becoming " Führer Führer " , 44 evidenced in his " being and Time " , specifies that : " Dasein ( being - there, or just being - ) should be treated as authentic Community ( Gemeinschaft ) and Pueblo, and that he must choose his own "their hero " in order to " become free for the continuation of combat" .45 Furthermore , Heidegger also coined the term " Sein Volk " ( - being of town ) , expression of which it is possible to find many similarities with various concepts of Lukács , both with the notion of " class consciousness " '46 in the early stage of his work , such as the notion of " social " on its last leg .47 This subjectivity of complex social interactions , Heidegger expressed in several of his political speeches , as performed in Leipzig in 1931 : " That does not mean give back to the community of nations. Instead, our people , thanks to this step , is placed under the authority of this law essential to all human existence , to which all people must first obedience if it wants to remain a village ( - its being- ) "( sein Volk ) .48 Making a conceptual background trace , not is difficult to find the conceptual links between the political ideas of Heidegger , National socialism the worker and the German nationalist romanticism , which reaches its superlative dimension Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel , in the Phenomenology of Spirit ( Phänomenologie des Geistes ) , 49 who features in his idealist holism , the expression " Volksgeist " ( Spirit of the village) , phylogenetically linked concept heidegeriana expression of " Volk Sein " ( Being the village) and the notion of Lukács neohegeliana " class consciousness " 50 Jürgen Habermas reached considered obscene semantic Heidegger this abuse , 51 with obvious excitement purposes of Nazism and are also similar to those late Lukács , conceptually underpin "Stalinism " totalitarian at its peak , but it was an " unrequited love "52 It is clear then, the discourse of power developed in the context of the "Social Work release " , promulgating protect the integrity and orthodoxy of Marxism ( something that not even Marx did) , 53 avoiding any eventual metamorphosis , and take a record of immunization against any such theory that threatens orthodoxy and vigorously defending against any mixture or heterodoxy and that could cause you unwanted pregnancies . Hence, to maintain its purity true , it attacks the ghost that supposedly runs Latin America: eclecticism. José Pablo Netto , transversally in his works , he charges a crusade against syncretism of professional practice , and against eclecticism in Social Work. But what it shows in his quixotic claim, is that it is fighting against his own ghostly specters, for under his speech antieclectizante , what evidence is a struggle against arbitrary theoretical and methodological , epistemological foundation absent a robust , absences which are manifested not only in his work, but also promote a spectrum hazy on the transdisciplinary nature of Social Work , which eventually undermines rigorous efforts to achieve various methodological convergence between different areas , different approaches , from different disciplines subjetuales historical , legitimate purposes to find concrete strategies to solve these problems in the context of a wide range of phenomena manifests the social question. Traditions of Social Work in Costa Rica . UCR54 Then , the adoption of the guidelines in this "Social Work of Liberation " , roughly established by his great gurus : M. Iamamoto and J. P. Netto, in some traditions and undergraduate and graduate schools of universities in Latin America, especially in various South American countries , including Argentina , Uruguay55 and in the same Brazil , and other countries of Central America, particularly in Costa Rica , 56 shows a nineteenth binding precepts , that rather than favoring one innovative professional practice is transdisciplinary , favors certain privileges " academic tribes " or "captains (as) of scholarship " (as Thorstein Veblen called ironically ) , who advocate a vision conservative society , either from the standpoint of scholasticism Catholic heir by a party or the other in profile anachronistic nineteenth-century Marxism . Pending unavoidable tasks mark a break and a discontinuity in the reproduction of conservatism and traditionalism esclerotizado the "status quo " despite these discontinuities are manifest in social systems ontic specific factual and shown in the dizzying dynamics present in the XXI century , in the political, economic , social and even in the effervescent worlds of everyday life and social work in their professional practice daily finds , beyond normativism of the captains of erudition of university tribes . There remain the tasks of opening new ears deconstructive of the complex and multidimensional faces , masks, masks, individual human nature and society. Observe trends critical and progressive look at this " Liberation Social Work " as hegemonic practice of university bourgeoisie , which under their skins academic remain in deeper conservatism , 57 without marking any discontinuity , or deconstruction of the shackles economic, political , social and moral of late capitalism in the context of bourgeois law states it is analogous to Foucault noted that Marx in all his dialectical skill in analysis of the phenomenal form of goods, did little more than provide a ' exegesis ' of value assumptions mired in nineteenth century . Foucault noted that Marx 's critique against capitalist theory valor58 capitalism could not refute because it relies on the same metaphysical foundations , the order of knowledge based on a world of things and objects : 59 " At the deepest level of knowledge Western Marxism introduced no actual discontinuity ; easily found his place as a fully, quiet, comfortable and satisfying for a time (yours ) , within an epistemological arrangement that gladly received ( as indeed was the under what he was doing field) and, for his part, had no intention of disturbing and, above all , he had no power to change , not even a tilde, because descasaba entirely on this arrangement. Marxism exists in thought nineteenth century as a fish in water , ie , can not breathe anywhere else . opposes although theories " bourgeois " of the economy, and although opposition takes to use the project of a radical investment history as a weapon against them , that conflict and the project does not have as a condition of the possibility of the reformulation of all history , but an event that any archeology can locate accurately and simultaneously prescribed the same century revolutionary economy . 's their disputes may have shaken a few waves and causing a few ripples surface , but they are just storm in a glass of water "( Foucault , M. the Order of Things : An Arqueology of the Human Sciences, 60 1973 , p . 261-263 ) .

COMPARISON

It differs substantially from other professional practice , so it defines its own subject - object ( ontic -ontological dimension ) , its modes, methods and methodologies ( epistemological dimension ) and levels of speech, slang and specialized terminologies ( epistemological - cognitive dimension ) . In his theoretical - cognitive aspect , has the properties of a historical- subjectual , emerging transdisciplinary 10 in the context of historical sciences subjetuales as psychology , anthropology , sociology, politicología , the antropogogía , 11 subjetuales12 technologies and interventions psychotherapy , institutional management , occupational health , labor law , civil and family ; reached differentiating properties that give disciplinary autonomy . In the aspect of transformation and intervention objective social structures ( ontic ) and the intersubjectivities dynamics of social intersubjetualidades ( ontologicidad ) , has the properties of a technology subjectual and is the dimension that emerges as a historical product of praxis discipline and whose validity is achieved in the context of intersubjective communicative actions . As has transpired transdiscipline local professional practices , reaching a transnational character, acquired acceptance and institution , university curricula incorporating various academic degrees , such as " diplomas " Europeans ; baccalaureate in the U.S., Puerto Rico and Latin America , degrees and Chile , Colombia , Argentina , Panama , Costa Rica , whose maturation transdisciplinary graduate opens specialties , as masters that have been developed in Argentina , Chile , Costa Rica , Honduras , Guatemala , Panama . Recently been incorporated into university curricula Social Work doctoral degrees especially in Brazil, Argentina and Puerto Rico . Finally, as the profession consolidated postdoctoral levels reached in Brazil, Europe and the United States. Therefore, it is a profession with a transdisciplinary and international coverage (both as a professional transdiscipinar ) that more than one hundred years of existence in the world , housing projects and programs with specific university many and varied. The two roots determinants in the development of the profession , have been of European, Belgian influence , English, French , German and Italian , as the other, and substantive differences , is the American tradition , which he hegemony after the Second World War. However, various forms of social welfarism have been present in other historical moments and other non-Western cultural traditions .

transdiscipline

Social work can be considered as defining transdiscipline whose properties emerge from the theoretical and methodological convergence of diverse and varied disciplines and historical roots subjectual - subjectual , 5 in the context of the professional practice of various guilds in various historical and geographic locations . Emergent properties of this transdisciplinary , define its subject - object , its purposes , methods and methodologies , their jargon and specialized terminology . His references are fully geared to both individuals, groups or companies objective ( ontological dimension ) , as to the phenomena around the dynamics of individual personalities subjective or intersubjective dynamics of group activities , organizational or institutional ( ontological dimension ) .6 As a transdisciplinary , consolidates autonomously from a gradual process of inter and multi-disciplinary emergency , both in its size and in its ontic ontological dimension , its subject - objects are humans considered fully into its components such biological, psychological and sociological . As historical discipline - subjectual acquires thus a reflexive property , as it is a comprehensive process - explanatory - transformative human beings , in the role of workers or social workers, around other human beings , in the role of subjects - objects observed , understood, explained and operated . The human being is dimensioned then this transdisciplinary , holistically both in its ontological dimension , as in its ontological dimension , which shows the complex and dynamic nature , whose " quidditas " is expressed in differentiating emergent property , " the ontoergónica "7 it is then ontic - dynamic property , which allows to reveal the human being as a project, that is, not only as an object of study itself ( reflexive property subjetuales sciences ) , but is at the same time subjects of their own development, acting individual and social transformations in symbolic- linguistic contexts comunicativas.8 shares why the human quiddity project reaches its goal incorporates in its dynamic dimension ontoergónica

Praxis and Theory

The current state of social work around professional development , is characterized by two inputs , firstly , incorporating various elements from various research programs sociological , anthropological , philosophical and psychological , that have achieved transdisciplinary assembled , starting by the efforts made by researchers and research university (as) , as well as by researchers and researchers from other institutions , foundations , NGOs, or social service agencies . Moreover, the professional practice biofeedback allows university research or institutional . However, these two inputs have made a gap between the information obtained through professional practice and institutional scholarly research . The combination of these two types of inputs is often imperfect knowledge . Hoping to bridge this gap , throughout the twentieth century, and specialists in the field have permanent open debates, with the intention of achieving a theoretical and methodological convergence , the input of the results obtained from a diverse professional practice with the results of institutional research , yet the tension between these two inputs, institutional theory - professional practice is a problem present in both scholars and institutional scholars , manifesting in the core curriculum policy careers university , and in the various types of practice of the professionals of the field. In practice one or professional Social work addresses the barriers , inequities and injustices that exist in society . It responds to crises and emergencies as well as personal and social problems of everyday life . However, not always theorizing gives institutional and professional discipline, scientific, technical and technological interventions for psychosocial processes on subject - object , let alone the techniques and strategies for participation in the policy, planning and social development . In the case of social interventions , the professional must make various types of social counseling and case analysis , group behavior or institutional support interventional actions on methods derived from socio- antropogogía and family therapy ; also , various types of social interventions requires strategies and techniques go to administrative, legal and institutional planning , to human groups get services and community resources. In professional practice , the professional and social work responsibilities will require planning and coordination of community agencies and participation in equity policies targeted to the modification and support of social and economic policies of the States which she belongs . The priorities for practice and social work professionals , vary from one country to another , and over time , depending on the cultural, historical and socioeconomic .

Áreas

Includes wide variety of performance areas (all sectors of the population that need special attention) : Elderly, disabled, battered people (especially women, children and elderly) , prisoners , victims of terrorism , immigrants, excluding minor social , ethnic minorities, and addictions drug addiction , social emergency , prostitution, among other areas. A technological tool subjectual your workplace, is the social report , social history , the record , social diagnosis , the intervention project , tracking sheets , among others. Currently Social Work also develops its action in the third sector (associations , foundations , groups and NGOs) and to a lesser extent in private enterprise . Are added as technological tools - subjetuales , as part of its social intervention : expert reports , oral own justice system . Also in the school context , mediate disputes between members of the educational community , conduct treatment therapy families, groups, individuals , to seek resolution of their social interactions and problems that are causing suffering. Social work in prisons Social Work in prisons or inmates directed plays an important role in the fields of professional activity of a social worker . Prison institutions as social work , is a scope for behavior modification and temporary or permanent concealment of individuals who threaten social harmony under a free media , because for some causal have corrupted it. The purpose of the social worker with inmates is able to achieve social reintegration of the individual, ¨ so it becomes aware and identify the circumstances that led to their offending behavior and the consequences of deprivation of liberty ¨ ( Acevedo , 2003 , p.21 ) and this professional a vital component in all interdisciplinary treatment to which prisoners are exposed . At first glance the social worker should be aware that their work is aimed at a subject in a situation that remains similarly person has human dignity. Among the functions carried out by the social worker , led the prison environment is ( Source : Velez , Z. (1997 ) . A social worker for the new millennium . Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico : University of Puerto Rico . ) Intervention with individuals and families Risk weight - transition Protection Service Case management - maintenance Provision of services and resources Dispute Resolution : Conflict Management Maintenance of the organization Software Development It is necessary to direct attention to a professional bond axis - recipient of the intervention , called from the body of law that characterizes on stage as internal ¨ ¨ ( Acevedo , 2003 , p.21 ) . ¨ Professional intervention is a constitutive dimension of the disciplinary field , participating in field research. Both practices are articulated and feed back because it is knowledge that allows access to the understanding of the situations that the intervention seeks to transform , knowledge that will provide the arguments and professional foundations ¨ ( Cazzaniga , 2007 , p.83 ) . Which we inferred that the social worker should encourage their appropriate intervention work at personal contact attached to external investigations about the inmate. The methodology used by the social worker in cases of inmates is as follows : ( Source : Aguilar , I. , Chacon , L. , Gonzalez , M. , Gozalez , R. , Jimenez , S. , Lowe , M. , Mora , L. , Murillo , F. and Ortiz , J. ( 2006 ) . intervention social work and psychology at the Costa Rican justice . San Jose , Costa Rica : Editorama . ) The application receives professional study. Record the case in case-control book ( there is a book of minutes ) . Each professional prepares the file to realize the information obtained. Manufactures the subpoena . The social worker plans the home visit and / or institutional appointment sent through court -quoting and make telephone coordination . Performs Domiciliary visit to valued or institution where the inmate. Family -justify professional intervention and aim to fulfill. Performs interviews with people related to the individual ( family, neighbors , administrative authority , professional and other collateral sources ) . Evaluate the socio - family and community in which it operates the inmate . They stipulate the date and time of the interview to meet the research process . Within the frame of reference that the social worker must investigate and study to reach your goal : Family relationships Interpersonal relationships His previous coexistence in the community Which is why the person is incarcerated The social worker should be encouraged to be able to develop an environment to meet and exchange to facilitate the path to overcoming conflicts , based on dialogue main responsibility . ( Acevedo , 2003 , p.21 ) . Another approach which is directed to the services of a professional social work within a correctional institution it is institutional socialization or adaptive integration of the individual entry to prison. The reality is that the inmate will face a lack of internal consistency between the members of an institution, opposed interests , lack of coordination of human activities and compression criteria of the social fact that stands in the figure of the detainee. ( Acevedo , 2003 , p.21 ) . Similarly, social interaction and mental well-being go hand in hand in situations involving deprivation of freedom and integration into a penal institution . An article in the academic journal Social Forum plasma us a study by Research Triangle Institute, Health and Social Policy Division to male and female prisoners in order to define their mental study variants taking as marital status , possession of children and support social (internal and external). The result showed that prison institutions rather than promoting mental wellbeing , social relationships inside and outside the institution are associated with higher levels of distress within mental health. The highest levels of anxiety and depression the inmates who have encountered marital and inmates with higher levels of hostility were those who maintained social relations within the prison . This study is an indispensable test all prisoners need to have help from a social worker that provides tools for living and integration into the institution along with other inmates. This professional, in prisons , also works in cases of inmates hospitalized , oriented to the divorce , birth registration of children , and in case of death or serious illness of an immediate family member of the inmate must arrange for such circumstances. Similarly holds interests in checking link in the case of the Criminal Penal tour and intimate tour . ( Uzcudun ) Sometimes the roles of social workers in prisons face a number of problems that preclude complete their professional development . Some of these are ( Source : Uzcudun , B. (date not mentioned ) . Interpellation on the role of Social Worker prison . Newspaper of Social Work and Social Sciences Edition electrónica.4 Institutional project limiting rigid and limited capacity for action . Little room for autonomy to promote new projects . Pyramidal organization which restricts the emergence of formal and informal spaces to express interests and opinions . Shortage of work incentives. Lack of training to update and guidance in addressing the problem of confinement. Lack of interdisciplinary work . Grouping Shapes in instances where the decision is required across sectors. Strictly formal communication between the different sectors. Inadequate working conditions, materials, techniques , infrastructure and human resources . Hegemony forces internal and external security over professional intervention . The roles that are attributed to the social worker is related to practice and immediatist resolution in situations of need . Playing the social image of the profession that determines the type of demands associated with administrative problems. Prevalence of bureaucratic tasks professionals must resign their specific functions and technical professionals. Responses focused on spontaneous demands and solve emerging problems . Interference of political-economic context . The social worker is a vital factor within the components of the correctional institution and with the collaboration of society should promote the full development of the same for the benefit and improvement of the inmates who receive their services. Social Work in the protection and adoption processes You need to recognize the role played by the social work professional in the area of ​​comprehensive protection mechanisms , since the adoption for children , girls and adolescents in situations of non-compliance , threat or violation of their rights . As the quintessential protective measure aimed at providing a home to a child who does not have it in the same terms as a biological child , providing the child a permanent home that provides comprehensive development within a proper family and avoid irreversible effects institutionalization entails . It is important to the work of the social worker in the process by providing family partner contribution to the process , the interdisciplinary team intervention target population , since all Social Worker must as informal educator , emphasizing the guidance, training and comprehensive training . The fundamental purpose of social work in the interdisciplinary team is focused on the understanding and analysis of social reality to influence , guide and enhance the social, where individuals interact with their environment , groups, families , organizations and communities in the pursuit of development and social welfare . " The Role of Social Workers in front of children , girls and adolescents as for restoration of rights is directed to the field of family, which includes pregnant women , children protection and adoption processes . For these processes require the intervention of social workers since the purpose of these is to provide protection and welfare of children and adolescents who require not only basic care , rehabilitation , but finding a family that wants to provide protection, welfare , human development and a decent life for these children who are at high risk because they have been abandoned . The social worker becomes a facilitator in resolving difficulties, which helps overcome a disadvantage , discrimination and vulnerability , identifies the reality and expectations of the people , facing the multiple and expanding range of social Role of social worker • Make the diagnosis of the reason for your infant. • Participate in the selection of adoptive families . • presents relevant information in the process . • Collaborate with the processes developed by the family advocate The methodologies used are of intervention: • Preventive • Promotional • Orientation • Evaluative • Case Method • crisis intervention model . The Purpose of Adoption is the establishment of a real family , such as exists between bound by ties of blood, with all the rights and duties that entails , since by virtue of the adoption the adopter agrees to care for and assist adopted son , to educate , support , love and provide you with all the necessary conditions for it to grow in wellness environment , affection and solidarity. Techniques for individual and group work in the adoption process : • Home visits • Interview • Observation • Dynamic experiential and participatory

The Roles of Profesional Social Work

The roles of professional social work include: Providing information and social connections socioeconomic resources agencies ( joint networks ) . Understand, manage and promote existing resources among potential users and professionals in other fields of science that can be in contact with potential users. And among others are: Receive , guides, educates individuals, families , groups and communities in the peaceful settlement of their conflict through a culture of dialogue and consultation. Make social research to help identify and interpret the causes of social phenomena that occur in any context considering alternative solutions to the same . Participate in the management , design, implementation , evaluation of plans, programs and projects aimed at improving the living conditions of the community, both public and private institutions . Participates in the design , program management personnel , labor welfare , social security and occupational health. Management development programs and social projects with governmental and nongovernmental organizations. Form interdisciplinary teams working on improving the quality of life of the population through socio-educational processes of promotion and prevention. Delivery or treatments applied in psychotherapy or family therapy to individuals, couples , families and groups. A practical example of how they perform in reality some of the above functions, we can see in preventive detention centers Federal District , in which social work professionals are in frequent contact with internal procedures to facilitate these want to do in order to end or start their primary , secondary, etc. . , because as they are deprived of their liberty , they are virtually impossible to obtain personally manage documents in government or private institutions ( such as certificates of studies , birth certificates , report cards, etc. . ) are necessary for them to study while inmates. That is why the Social Worker should be aware of the existence of cooperation agreements between the public educational institutions and Detention Centers that allow inmates to have the material needed to pursue their studies . Moreover, these professionals should be in frequent contact with the trustees , doctors and psychologists who work in Prisons , as well as visitors of human rights defenders ( in criminal , family, work, etc. . ) , Experts of the procurators of Justice , members of law enforcement agencies , reporters or actuaries of the Courts of Justice, etc. . , which by reason of their duties should relate to the inmates to practice proceedings or any action , in order that the prisoner does not be intimidated and give you confidence that if you need help is the Social Worker shall assist you whether to inform your families , managing the assistance of public and private institutions dedicated to defending the human rights of inmates or perform any procedure which tends to protect the safety of the inmate while in the aforementioned centers . In this situation, one of the objectives of the Social Worker both in prisons and in prisons , " is to design and develop research designs to identify associated socio-cultural causes and / or related to antisocial behavior : the offense , the offender and the crime . Thus, the specific objectives would be to plan and implement activities to facilitate adaptation to extraordinary circumstances of inmates newly admitted to the rehabilitation and optimize their rehabilitation and reintegration into the social , family and work " ( Note : the information is quoted is taken from a document prepared by the Correctional Training Institute under the Secretariat of Penitentiary System of the Ministry of Government of the Federal District , Mexico , titled Social Service , has unfortunately not been possible to refer more bibliographic data, given which has made ​​it impossible to find such documents integral, since we have only a fragmented piece that helps us to provide bibliographic details ) . From the above, we can say that in the performance of the functions carried out by the social worker are created with the passing of the years and the growing experience of social work , new techniques and methodologies for reintegration into society. Do not forget that the social worker makes a humanitarian aimed at the realization of all abilities and skills that people may have in their social environment , so that both in prisons and in the prison to develop values humans through training , education and work activities in order to prepare internal social reintegration, on obtaining his freedom and so have the opportunity to find and practice a trade or profession beneficial for themselves and for the society. Given that the inmate has been deprived of liberty for having violated social values ​​established by law or the legal system and under the same system that has incorporated the new methods of treatment with a holistic or complete , which is why the inmate is instructed his internment with an educational perspective , social, labor and cultural , so that the internal skills and see the different options you have at your fingertips and puedad practice once you get freedom ( Note: To delve deeper into the topic , you can consult the work of RODRIGUEZ CAMPOS, Ishmael. Labour Prison . MONTERREY 1982 ) .